RESUMEN
In this paper, we examine the contributions of digital applications to the resilience of healthcare organizations during the COVID-19 outbreak. The studied applications are framed as Healthcare 4.0 (H4.0), comprising bundles of information and communication technologies used to improve operations in the health value chain. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 10 senior managers from clinician and non-clinician departments of two large-sized Brazilian hospitals treating patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interviews were analyzed through content analysis, using data analysis categories related to the application focus (i.e., supply chain, patient diagnosis, patient treatment, and patient follow-up) and targeted resilience ability (i.e., monitor, anticipate, respond, and learn). Results indicate that applications oriented to supply chain and patient diagnosis contribute to all resilience abilities. Furthermore, depending on the resilience ability to be improved, different applications may be prioritized. Four research propositions for theory-testing in future studies are also presented.
RESUMEN
Understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission in higher education settings is important to limit spread between students, and into at-risk populations. In this study, we sequenced 482 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the University of Cambridge from 5 October to 6 December 2020. We perform a detailed phylogenetic comparison with 972 isolates from the surrounding community, complemented with epidemiological and contact tracing data, to determine transmission dynamics. We observe limited viral introductions into the university; the majority of student cases were linked to a single genetic cluster, likely following social gatherings at a venue outside the university. We identify considerable onward transmission associated with student accommodation and courses; this was effectively contained using local infection control measures and following a national lockdown. Transmission clusters were largely segregated within the university or the community. Our study highlights key determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and effective interventions in a higher education setting that will inform public health policy during pandemics.